Fluid power formulas viscosity pdf

To help with the necessary calculations, certified power solutions has developed a handy reference pdf containing guidelines, formulas and conversions applicable to fluid power applications, including. Among these, the bingham plastic and the power law models are commonly used to fit viscoplastic and shearthinning fluid behavior, respectively. The existence and nature of viscosity can be demonstrated by. There are dynamic and kinematic viscosity are usually common for calculations. Heat is energy of random motion at the molecular level, so to have any understanding of how this energy. So what youre looking for, is a, high viscosity fluid. Psi viscosity in centistokes for viscosities of 32 100 saybolt universal seconds.

Each watt will raise the temperature of 1 gallon of oil by 1 f. For viscosities greater than 240 saybolt universal seconds. This book is available as a free, fullcolor pdf download from. The dimensions of viscosity are force per unit area divided by velocity gradient as in eq. Engineering fluid mechanics staffordshire university. Dynamic viscosity du dy shear of rate stress shear. Viscosity definition, meaning, types, formula, unit, example. The calculator below can used to calculate the hydraulic and shaft power of a pump. The interpolation calculator provided below is used to determine. Viscosity is measured in terms of a ratio of shearing stress to the velocity gradient in a fluid. Fluid power formulas mechanical horsepower hp d x f 550 t hp mechanical horsepower d distance ft.

Calculation of viscosity index the viscosity index of an. Kinematic viscosity formula viscosity is a concept where fluid shows struggle against a flowing, which is being distorted due to extensional stress forces or shear stress. In poundssquare inch p fa or psi fa fluid flow rate. Horsepower for idling a pump to idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of it full rated horsepower. Velocity profiles, viscosity data, and laminar flow friction factor equations for flow in a circular duct conference paper pdf available january 2008 with. Intro to fluid flow dublin institute of technology. This training manual traman and the associated nonresident training. Equations above are for fluid with specific gravity 0. It is defined as the total equivalent height that a fluid is to be pumped, taking into. If the fluid is a pseudoplastic, then the flow behavior index constant needs to be added as.

Simple circuits with fluid motors 31% 3540% servo based systems 55% low pressure fluid transfer systems 15% these losses are expressed in unites of power, e. Fluid power formulas you have a job to do and remembering every fluid power formula can be tough. Fluid power is an area of technology dealing with the generation, control and transmission of pressurized. And a low viscosity, fluid is one that changes a lot with temperature. Fluid power, hydraulics formula equations engineers edge. Input quantities p static pressure pa r fluid density kgm3 g 9,81 ms2 z elevation m v flow velocity ms. The ideal hydraulic power to drive a pump depends on. Compressibility of hydraulic oil volume reduction is approx 12% for every psi of. This course outline was developed by practicing teachers during the 1968 summer ndea institute at wayne state university through the combined efforts of the participants and. A basic introduction to rheology technology networks. Small blade, highspeed impellers are used to mix low to medium viscosity liquids. This article summarizes equations in the theory of fluid mechanics. The viscosity is a measure of the fluids resistance to flow. Viscosity is the force of friction which one part of the liquid offers to another part of the liquid.

Calculate the power lost in the bearing for the sleeve length of 90 mm. Fluid power formulas basic formulas fluid formulas velocity. Fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes smartzworld. The viscosity index is an arbitrary number indicating the effect of change of temperature on the kinematic viscosity of an oil. Model fitting the features of the flow curves shown in figure 3 can be adequately modeled using some relatively straight forward equations. Viscosity viscosity index pour point common fluid additives lubricity adders viscosity modifiers. Since the area equals force divided by pressure, the formula for area is written as follows. This physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into viscosity of fluids. While fluid power formulas are useful tools for specifying system components and capabilities. Fluid power in horsepower hp pq1714 fluid formulas formula for. Advanced fluid systems has taken great care to verify that the conversions and calculations on this page are correct. The kilogram is the mass of a platinumiridium cylinder kept at sevres in france. The power required to move a fluid through a conduit is a function of the fluid velocity, the diameter of the conduit and the fluid density and viscosity. An oilfill port allows replenishment of any lost fluid.

Engine motor oil is an example of a high viscosity fluid because its multigrade, and. Fluid power hydraulics pneumatic systems use a gas to transmit and store power. A high viscosity index signifies a relatively small change of kinematic viscosity with temperature. This table contains information representative of three types of hydraulic fluids. Danfoss as announced the acquisition of uqm technologies inc. Fluid formulas precision fluid power hydraulic motors. It is intended for the specific use of teachers involved and interested in fluid power lab. Find hydraulic fluid formulas including viscosity in centistokes, valve flow, gravity of fluid and compressibility of fluid. Most shock absorber manufacturers offer formulas in their catalogs andor computer programs to size their products for specific applications. Area x radius2 inches area x diameter 2 inches a r 2 a or a. It is the constant in this formula that we know as the dynamic viscosity of the fluid. Nonnewtonian fluid can generally be represented by a power law equation sometimes called ostwaldde waele equation.

Pdf centrifugal pumps are used for increasing the energy content of a liquid. Oct 28, 2017 fluid mechanics and machinery formula book 1. To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of its full rated power wattage guideline for heating hydraulic oil. The metre is now defined as being equal to 1 650 763. Kinematic viscosity v sometimes viscosity is measured by timing the flow of a known volume of fluid from a viscosity measuring cup. Pdf effects of viscosity on the performance of hydraulic power.

Fluid power formulas designing, sizing and specifying hydraulic power systems and industrial power systems involves a lot of math. Kinematic viscosity for some common liquids you can see at the engineering toolbox viscosity is a function of temperature. An inline water pump works between measured pressure 1 bar 1 105 nm2 and 10 bar 10 105 nm2. Berendsen fluid power provides a range of the most common hydraulic formulas for easy reference. The force of friction f between two layers each having area a sq cm, separated by a distance dx cm, and having a velocity difference of dv cmsec, is given by. Fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. In the mks system the unit of viscosity is nsm2 whereas in the cgs system the unit of viscosity is the poise 1 poise 1dyneseccm2. Force pressure psi x net area square inches continue reading. The timings can be used along with a formula to estimate the kinematic viscosity value of the fluid in centistokes cst. Figures 84 and 85, respectively, show the sixflat blade turbine and marine propellertype agitators. Valve flow factor valve factor gpm specific gravity pressure drop. The following are equations for fluid power applications, fluid velocity on a pipe, charles law, and more. Flux f through a surface, ds is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface.

The symbol for dynamic viscosity is the greek letter mu. Collection of fluid power equations basic course mycourses. Viscosity on fluid flow and heat transfer in a helical rectangular duct with a finite pitch cuihua wang1,2, shengju liu1, jianhua wu1,2 and zhang li3 1school of energy and power engineering, she nyang university of chemical technology, shenyang, liaoning 110142, china. Like friction between moving solids, viscosity transforms kinetic energy of macroscopic motion into heat energy. Horsepower hp pressure psi x flow gpm p x q 1714 x eff. Friction factor for turbulent flow was developed by dodge and metzner. Interpretation of viscometer test results for polymer support. Kinematic viscosity is the sort which is computed by calculating the ratio of the fluid mass density to the dynamic fluid, viscosity or absolute fluid viscosity. Typical values for viscosity water at 20c 1 cp air at 20c 1. Kinematic viscosity formula definitions, formula and solved.

Heat problems are usually expressed in hp or kw in terms of the work expanded and losses absorbed. Selecting the iso vg viscosity grade for your system. Please feel free to use these basic fluid power formulas to make your day a little bit easier. Fluid power is ideal for high speed, high force, high power applications. It contains formulas, unit conversions and additional info for system calculations that, as i found, was copied from fluid power math for certification the book which provided for everybody who is applied for ifps certification. Flow gpm rpm x pump displacement cuin n x d 231 outlet flow of pumpdisplacement vs. Fluid power is the transmission of forces and motions using a con. This accumulator makes it possible for the oil chamber to accept the extra fluid and then force it back to the bore on the return stroke.

The motive force driving the fluid out of the cup is the head of fluid. Formula for fluid pressure n pounds per square inch cylinder area n square inches cylinder force. Hydraulic calculations fluid power advanced fluid systems. The term k dv x dyn1 is sometimes called the apparent viscosity. If a sphere is dropped into a fluid, the viscosity can be determined using the following formula. The next chapter fluid power data is one of the strongest parts of this book. Definition of viscosity or dynamic viscosity properties of fluid fluid mechanics duration. Many mathematical models have been proposed to fit the wj relationship of nonnewtonian fluids. The more usual form of this relationship, called newtons equation, states that the resulting shear of a fluid is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to. If the fluid is a newtonian fluid, then it is a direct proportion between the shear rate and viscosity. Effects of viscosity on the performance of hydraulic power. Corporate headquarters 1567 exchange avenue oklahoma city, ok 731083016. Fluid power formula or d 11 2 2 1 1 miscellaneous fluid power formula fluid pressure force pounds unit area in2 velocity through pipes in feetsecond fps 0. Power gained by fluid from pump or fan engineering toolbox.

Fluid viscosity, sometimes referred to as dynamic viscosity or absolute viscosity, is the fluids resistance to flow, which is caused by a shearing stress within a flowing fluid and between a flowing fluid and its container. Fluid viscosity properties, including dynamic viscosity. Vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure at a point, pascals law, hydrostatic law, etc. Compressibility of a fluid compressibility a bnic byninq yz epf din\ specific gravity of a fluid specific gravity hf\ipe yzjnk\ode din\ l. Advanced fluid systems has taken great care to verify that.

Particularly if your equipments running over a wide temperature range. F t f numbers less than one numbers greater than one power of 10 prefix abbreviation power of 10 prefix abbreviation 101 deci d 101 deca da 102 centi 2c 10 hecto h 10 3milli m 10 kilo k 106 micro 106 mega m 109 nano n 109 giga g 1012 pico p 12 10 tera t. Friction at the molecular level viscosity is, essentially, fluid friction. Fluid power lab page 2 pneumatics hydraulics make heavy equipment incredibility powerful. By rearranging the above formula, this statement may be condensed into the following. Newtons law of viscosity, pressure and temperature. For viscosities of 32 100 saybolt universal seconds. For viscosities of 100 to 240 saybolt universal seconds.